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The Three Clocks

What Restructuring Consulting Delivers — and What It Does Not

A shared set of figures as the starting point of a restructuring – reviewing the liquidity forecast and the income statementIn a strained situation three clocks run at once, and they run at different speeds. The first is the liquidity clock. It measures in days and weeks and does not negotiate: on the due date the money is there, or it is not. The second is the earnings clock. Price adjustments, cost programmes and site decisions take effect over quarters, usually over a full financial year. The third is the confidence clock at banks, shareholders, suppliers and the company’s own workforce. It runs the most quietly and is the hardest to wind back: a credit line that has been cut rarely returns to its old level on its own.

The actual subject of the work is the order of play between these three clocks. A cost programme that only lands in the next financial year does not help a company whose liquidity clock runs out in eight weeks. The other way round, a purely liquidity-driven step that hits suppliers without warning can speed up the confidence clock so far that the rebuild is no longer financeable afterwards. This is where restructuring consulting differs from a straightforward cost project, and it is what turnaround consulting is engaged for: not a longer list of measures, but a defensible sequence. For that reason the starting point is not a list of measures but a shared set of figures — a liquidity forecast at weekly level, an income statement that separates lasting from one-off effects, and an overview of the commitments already given. Only then can it be decided which measure pays into which clock. In practice that ordering work is what turnaround management contributes: it holds the sequence when several parties are pushing for different first steps.

What restructuring consulting does not deliver. It replaces neither legal nor audit review. Questions on the duty to file for insolvency, on liability risks for the management, on the stabilisation and restructuring framework under the German StaRUG or on self-administration are legal questions; in every individual case they belong with the professionals admitted to practise, and this page describes them for orientation only. It is also not a promise about the behaviour of third parties: whether a bank extends a line, a shareholder injects capital or a major customer stays is decided by those parties themselves. And it does not take the decision away from the management — outside experience can lay out options cleanly, weigh them and give reasons; the company has to answer for them.

Early Indicators

When External Support Carries in a Strained Situation

Outside support is not the right answer in every situation. Where the figures hold, where there is capacity in house for the implementation and where a comparable situation has already been handled once, the internal route is usually faster and cheaper. The starting positions below, by contrast, reach us regularly as enquiries. They are examples and not a closing list — and expressly not a statement about the situation of any individual reader.

1. Plan and Actuals Drift Apart for Good

  • Deviations repeat over several months, and the explanation changes every time.
  • Not every deviation is a sign of crisis — what matters is whether it can be explained and carried forward.

2. The Liquidity Forecast Does Not Reach Far Enough

  • The view covers a few weeks, but the larger maturities sit behind it.
  • A forecast at weekly level that holds is the precondition for every further decision.

3. An Earnings Programme Falls Short of Its Promise

  • Measures are agreed and documented, yet they cannot be seen in the result.
  • What is usually missing is not the idea but the assignment to a person, a date and a number.

4. Financing Partners Ask for a Concept

  • Banks or shareholders expect a traceable account of the situation, the causes and the way forward.
  • Which standard is required is settled by the partner concerned — that is not a question anyone can answer from the outside.

5. The Portfolio No Longer Carries Its Own Structure

  • Several sites, plants or product lines tie up capital without making their contribution.
  • Decisions of that kind need a data basis that separates contribution margins and shared effects cleanly.

6. A Key Position Is Vacant at Short Notice

  • Commercial or plant management drops out while there is a great deal to decide anyway.
  • An experienced interim appointment keeps the business able to act until the role is filled permanently.

Do you recognise your own starting position in one of these descriptions? Twenty minutes are enough to sort out which figure is needed first, which question belongs with a legal or audit review, and which profile comes into question for the next step.

Levels of Intervention

Where Restructuring Consulting Takes Hold in the Company

The levels below are staffed singly or in combination — depending on which of the three clocks is running fastest at the time. In practice it almost always starts with the situation assessment and the liquidity view; everything else builds on that. This is a selection, not a fixed programme: which levels are actually needed is decided by the starting position.

Situation Assessment and Liquidity View

The entry point of every mandate: a liquidity forecast at weekly level, an income statement that separates lasting from one-off effects, and an overview of the commitments already given. The aim is a set of figures all parties can follow — not the fastest answer, but the one that holds.

Turnaround and Restructuring Concept

Causes, target picture, measures and a planning model in a traceable account that decisions can be aligned to. This is the document most turnaround management mandates are measured against. We name standards such as IDW S6 and work so that our output connects to them; an opinion or attestation under such a standard is a service of audit firms and of the professionals admitted for it, and is not delivered here. Which standard applies in the individual case is settled by the financing partner.

Cost and Earnings Programmes

Measures with an owner, a date and an earnings effect, grouped by the horizon over which they land. The demanding part is not finding the levers but tracking them: which measure is agreed, which is already working, which has been pushed back. Process and procurement levers belong here and are covered in more depth under process consulting and procurement consulting.

Operational Restructuring: Plants, Sites, Portfolio

Decisions on sites, plants and product lines on the basis of contribution margins, shared effects and capacity utilisation — and the implementation that follows from them. Where a programme reaches deep into manufacturing we work with the profiles and the approach from operations and process improvement instead of building it a second time here.

Working Capital and Cash Management

Inventory, receivables and payables are the lever that acts fastest on the liquidity clock and costs no earning power: coverage by article group, an orderly receivables process, and a payment discipline that puts its priorities on the table instead of improvising them again every day.

Supporting Stakeholder and Financing Talks

Preparing the figures and the arguments for talks with banks, shareholders and other parties, together with an agreed communication schedule. What is decided in those talks is decided by the parties themselves — no commitment on credit lines, deferrals or capital measures can or will be given from here. Questions of refinancing and capital structure are covered on the page for corporate finance consulting.

Which of these levels has to take hold first in your case can be sorted out in a short conversation. Describe the starting position — you will get an assessment of a sensible entry point and of the profiles that come into question for it.

Scope

In Which Scope We Work

The outcome often depends less on technical depth than on the scope of the mandate: how much outside capacity works with what authority over what period. The four forms below occur most often and can be moved into one another as the work goes on.

Taking Stock
A Situation Picture Within Weeks

One experienced person builds the set of figures: liquidity forecast, income statement, overview of the commitments given. The result is a situation picture that carries decisions — without anything having been decided about measures yet.

Concept Work
Concept With an Action Plan

A small team works out causes, target picture, measures and the planning model together with your functions. The work connects to the standards financing partners usually expect; their review and attestation stays with the firms admitted for it.

Task Force
Short-Notice Appointment On Site

The case where speed matters: a leadership or steering role filled within a short time, with a high share of presence on site and a tight rhythm — often a daily cash view and a weekly measures round. Sensible where commercial or operational management is vacant, or where an authority close to the decisions is missing.

Implementation Support
Support Until the Effect Shows

Outside capacity works alongside your teams for months on the implementation and on the tracking system. The mandate ends when the measures are carried in the company’s regular reporting and no longer in a project list.

Industry Practice

Restructuring by Industry: What Determines the Room for Action

The tools of a restructuring look similar across industries; the room for action does not. It depends on how much capital is tied up in working capital, how quickly capacity can be redirected, how long contractual commitments run and how far regulation dictates the sequence. In a plant with deep vertical integration the lever sits in inventory and utilisation, in retail in assortment and space productivity, in project business in costing and claims management. Precisely for that reason we staff by industry experience: whoever knows the cost structure, the usual contracts and the rhythm of a sector does not lose the first weeks understanding the starting position. Across 25 specialist areas and more than 300 role profiles that experience can be cut to fit. This is also why corporate restructuring cases are rarely comparable across sectors even when the method is the same. The fields below are the ones enquiries reach us in most often — a selection, not a catalogue.

Restructuring in industry and mechanical engineering – automated production cell

Industry & Mechanical Engineering

Restructuring at automotive suppliers – assembly line in vehicle production

Automotive & Suppliers

Restructuring in retail – sales floor with assortment display

Retail & Consumer Goods

Restructuring in construction and real estate – completed residential quarter

Construction & Real Estate

Restructuring in logistics and transport – high-bay warehouse in operation

Logistics & Transport

Restructuring in healthcare and life sciences – laboratory workstation

Healthcare & Life Sciences

Restructuring in industry and mechanical engineering – automated production cell

Industry & Mechanical Engineering

Restructuring at automotive suppliers – assembly line in vehicle production

Automotive & Suppliers

Restructuring in retail – sales floor with assortment display

Retail & Consumer Goods

Restructuring in construction and real estate – completed residential quarter

Construction & Real Estate

Restructuring in logistics and transport – high-bay warehouse in operation

Logistics & Transport

Restructuring in healthcare and life sciences – laboratory workstation

Healthcare & Life Sciences

Project Types

Projects Commissioned in a Restructuring — and Their Control Metric

What is actually commissioned falls largely into four types. Each has a typical starting position, a sequence and a metric that progress can be read from. The list is a selection — mandates mix these types regularly.

Securing Liquidity and the Weekly Forecast

Starting position: the view of solvency reaches only a few weeks, and the larger maturities sit behind it. The route runs through a rolling weekly forecast, a prioritisation of outgoing payments and the levers in working capital. The control metric is free liquidity at the end of each planning week.

Turnaround Concept as a Basis for Decisions

Starting position: financing partners or shareholders expect a traceable account of the situation, the causes and the way forward. Cause analysis, target picture, action plan and planning model are worked out — the core deliverable of a turnaround management mandate. The control metric is whether the reasoning can be followed; whether a review or attestation is required is decided by the partner concerned together with the firms admitted for it.

Cost and Earnings Programme

Starting position: the result no longer carries the cost structure, and individual measures are already running without showing an effect. The work consists of identifying levers, assigning them to owners and dates, and a tracking that distinguishes agreed, effective and postponed. The control metric is the earnings effect that can be evidenced.

Site and Portfolio Decision

Starting position: several sites or product lines tie up capital without making their contribution. The route runs through an earnings view per unit that shows shared effects cleanly, through scenarios and through the consequences of implementation. The control metric is the earnings contribution per unit after shared effects. Questions of employment law and co-determination have to be clarified professionally at an early stage and lie outside this consulting work.

Staffing

Which Profiles Carry a Restructuring

The scope of the mandate decides the appointment: a situation assessment needs a different profile than a task force with leadership responsibility, and at the move into implementation the focus often shifts a second time. The profiles below are asked for particularly often — a selection; further roles are reachable through the category pages.

From Situation Assessment to Impact Review: The Sequence

The length and depth of the steps depend on size, structure and the state of the data; the order does not: first the figures, then the causes, then the way forward, then the implementation and its control. A step is not skipped, only shortened where reliable preparatory work exists.

Step 1 of a restructuring: recording the set of figures and the commitments already given

1. Situation Assessment

Liquidity forecast at weekly level, income statement separating lasting from one-off effects, overview of the commitments already given.
Conversations with accounting, sales and operations show which figures are actually used day to day — and which only appear in the report.
The result is a situation picture all parties can follow, including the open points, named.
Step 2: cause analysis and defining the room for action

2. Causes and Room for Action

Why the result does not carry: market side, cost structure, portfolio, costing or steering — usually several causes with different weight.
The room for action is staked out together: what is possible contractually and towards the financing partners.
Questions requiring legal assessment are named here and handed over to legal or audit review.
Step 3: action plan with sequence and time horizon

3. Measures and Sequence

Every measure is given an owner, a date, an expected effect and a horizon over which it lands.
The order follows the three clocks: what pays into liquidity first; what carries the result for good in parallel; what costs confidence, announced only.
Measures that have been pushed back are named rather than passed over.
Step 4: aligning the way forward with shareholders, financing partners and the workforce

4. Alignment With the Parties

Preparing the figures and the reasoning for the talks ahead, together with a communication schedule for the workforce.
The outcome of those talks rests with the parties; what is prepared is the basis, not the decision.
Feedback flows back into the plan before implementation starts.
Step 5: implementing the measures in day-to-day operations

5. Implementation

The measures run alongside day-to-day business — a weekly measures round and, for as long as needed, a daily view of liquidity.
Where a leadership role is missing it is filled for a period instead of improvised.
Deviations become visible early because a postponed measure stays in the plan instead of quietly disappearing.
Step 6: impact review and handover into regular reporting

6. Impact Review and Handover

What is measured is the effect on earnings and liquidity, not the number of measures implemented.
Tracking moves out of the project list into regular reporting; responsibilities are assigned permanently.
The mandate ends when the company runs the steering itself — not when the list is ticked off.
Cost Framework

Costs and Daily Rates: What an Interim Manager in a Restructuring Costs

Billing runs through our network per day of deployment; there are no project lump sums and no success-based components. The budget comes from two figures: the rate and the number of days. In a restructuring the second is the harder one to plan, because the share of on-site presence and the rhythm shift over the course of the work.

What moves the rate. First the seniority of the role and how close it sits to the decisions: whoever leads a legal entity or appears in front of financing partners sits clearly above a role that supports. Then urgency — an appointment within a few days narrows the field of candidates. Then the industry: whoever knows the cost structure and the usual contracts of a sector brings in time that is otherwise lost at the start. The share of on-site presence moves the rate in both directions: task force assignments with a high presence share sit above mandates that run mostly remote. Finally the duration — a mandate over twelve months sits below a six-week assignment per day.

The ranges from our own role inventory, as they stand on the respective role pages. For the commercial groundwork — liquidity forecast, income statement, metrics — €700 – €1,300 per day (Freelance Financial Controller, Freelance Cash Flow Manager, Freelance Business Controller, Freelance Treasury Manager). For the operational lever work on processes and cost €800 – €1,600 (Freelance Lean Management Consultant, Freelance Operational Excellence Consultant). For steering a mandate with crisis experience €1,300 – €2,200 (Freelance Crisis Manager). Leadership on a temporary basis sits above that: €1,000 – €1,900 for plant and production management (Interim Production Manager, Interim Plant Manager) and €1,300 – €2,500 for the commercial and the overall responsibility (Interim CFO, Interim COO, Interim CEO). These are ranges with context, not fixed prices — where a profile sits within its range is decided by the cut of the mandate.

Budget in stages rather than in one sum. It makes sense to think in three stages. The situation assessment is the smallest and can be tightly bounded without pre-empting the way forward. The concept stage is larger, because functions have to be involved and planning models built. The implementation stage is the longest and the one that can best be measured against the effect achieved. After each stage the next one can be decided afresh — the practical advantage over budgeting in a single sum.

Difference to engaging a firm or a law firm. A restructuring firm or a law firm is engaged as a house and provides a team; billing follows their own models. Through our network a named person is engaged for a period, whose daily rate and profile are fixed beforehand. One point matters here: a freelance assignment does not replace an attestation or an expert opinion. Review and attestation under a standard such as IDW S6, and every legal assessment, remain services of the professionals admitted for them; their fees are deliberately not quantified here.

Which profiles come into question depends on the scope of the mandate. The overview sits under Restructuring & Operational Efficiency; the commercial profiles sit under Finance & Controlling, the temporary leadership roles under Strategy & Management Consulting and the site-side roles under Operations & Production. If your project borders on refinancing or a share sale, the page on corporate finance consulting is the right entry point; if it reaches deep into manufacturing, into the processes or into procurement, then operations and process improvement, process consulting and procurement consulting. Where a project management office has to be set up alongside the measures, the roles for it sit under Project Management, the discipline itself under project management consulting. Legal and audit questions belong in an individual review by the professionals admitted for them.

Market Situation

The Room for Action Is Greatest at the Start

24,064

corporate insolvencies were recorded in Germany in 2025, 10.3 % more than in the previous year.
Federal Statistical Office (2026)

28.4 %

of German mid-sized companies work with an equity ratio below 10 % — a thin cushion against setbacks.
KfW SME Panel 2025

285,000

employees were affected by corporate insolvencies in 2025. Restructuring starts before that stage is reached.
Creditreform Wirtschaftsforschung
Questions From Practice

Frequently Asked Questions About Restructuring Consulting

Restructuring consulting accompanies the orderly rebuild of a company whose earnings or solvency no longer carry on their own. It starts with a set of figures that holds and runs through cause analysis and action plan into the implementation. In substance that covers the situation assessment, the turnaround and restructuring concept, cost and earnings programmes, operational restructuring of plants and portfolio, working capital, and the preparation of talks with banks and shareholders. Not included are legal assessments and audit reviews; in every individual case these remain a matter for the professionals admitted for them.
The terms overlap and are often used interchangeably. Corporate restructuring usually describes the structural rebuild — portfolio, sites, organisation, cost base — irrespective of whether there is an acute crisis. Turnaround management is generally used more narrowly for restoring the earning power and solvency of a company that is already under strain, and it is more often tied to the expectations of financing partners; turnaround consulting is the advisory work that supports it. To be distinguished from all of these are the legally regulated procedures, for instance the stabilisation and restructuring framework under the German StaRUG or self-administration. Whether and when such a procedure comes into question is a legal matter and has to be examined by a lawyer in the individual case; this page only sorts the terms and does not replace legal advice.
The room for action is greatest at the start and gets smaller with every month in which plan and actuals drift apart. Typical triggers are recurring deviations from plan without a stable explanation, a liquidity forecast that does not reach the next larger maturity, or a financing partner asking for a traceable concept. An entry point makes sense whenever clarity about the figures is missing first — not only once the measures are settled. Whether your own situation already touches legally relevant thresholds belongs in a professional review of the individual case.
In practice financing partners expect a traceable line of reasoning: a description of the company and its situation, an analysis of the causes of the crisis, a target picture of the restructured company, an action plan with owners, dates and expected effect, and an integrated planning model covering earnings, balance sheet and liquidity. There are professional standards for producing and assessing such concepts, for instance IDW S6. We name those standards and work so that our output connects to them; a review or attestation under such a standard is a service of the professionals admitted for it and is not delivered through our network. Which standard is required in the specific case is settled by the financing partner concerned.
The situation assessment is the shortest section and, depending on the state of the data and the size of the company, usually sits in the range of a few weeks. Working out a concept takes longer in our experience, because it requires participation across the whole company. Implementation is by far the longest part and follows the horizon over which the measures land: levers in working capital show early, structural decisions on sites or portfolio work over quarters. A generally valid duration cannot be derived from that.
Whenever a role has to decide and lead rather than only advise — and when it has to happen quickly. Three cases are typical: a vacancy in commercial or operational management in the middle of an already demanding phase; a task force situation in which an experienced appointment is to work on site within a short time, with a high presence share and a tight rhythm; and the case where the existing management is tied up by day-to-day business. The difference to classic consulting lies in the mandate: an interim manager carries a role inside the company instead of supporting it from the outside.
The ranges on our role pages run from €700 per day for commercial groundwork up to €2,500 for overall responsibility on a temporary basis. In between sit the operational lever work at €800 – €1,600, steering with crisis experience at €1,300 – €2,200, and plant and production management at €1,000 – €1,900. Where a profile sits within its range is decided by seniority, the urgency of the appointment, industry experience, the share of on-site presence and the duration of the mandate. Billing is by daily rate, without a project lump sum and without success-based components; the budget follows from the rate and the number of days of deployment.
A flat price cannot seriously be named, because the effort varies strongly with company size, the number of sites, the quality of the data basis and the depth of evidence required. What is reliable is only your own calculation: through our network the cost comes from daily rate times days of deployment, and the rates of the profiles that come into question sit between €700 and €2,200 per day. That is why we recommend budgeting in stages. One further point: a review or attestation under a professional standard, and legal support, are separate services of other professionals; their fees are not quantified here.
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